Application of medical cannabis in patients with central nerve system disorders
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is an annual plant in the Cannabaceae family, species of the genus Cannabis. Cannabis contains active elements, including Δ9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Neurological disorders are typically associated with neurodegeneration. It means that there is no causal treatment. Usually we can only modulate disease. It is very necessary to patients to reduce pain sensation or excessive muscle tension. The paper contains a description of therapeutic possibilities treatment of cannabis in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Tourette syndrome and spasticity.
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Wilsey B., Marcotte T., Tsodikov A., Millman J., Bentley H., Gouaux B., Fishman S. 2008. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain. J. Pain 9 (6): 506–521. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2007.12.010
Wirguin I., Mechoulam R., Breuer A., Schezen E., Weidenfeld J., Brenner T. 1994. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by cannabinoids. Immunopharmacol. 28 (3): 209–214. PMID 7852052
Bisogno T., Ligresti A., Di Marzo V. 2005. The endocannabinoid signalling system: biochemical aspects. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 81 (2): 224–238. PMID 15935454
Campbell V.A., Gowran A. 2007. Alzheimer’s disease; taking the edge off with cannabinoids? Brit. J. Pharmacol. 152 (5): 655–662. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707446
Chatterjee A., Almahrezi A., Ware M., Fitzcharles M.A. 2002. A dramatic response to inhaled cannabis in a woman with central thalamic pain and dystonia. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 24 (1): 4–6. PMID 12183086
Chong M.S., Wolff K., Wise K., Tanton C., Winstock A., Silber E. 2006. Cannabis use in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Scler. 12 (5): 646–651. PMID 17086912
Consroe P., Laguna J., Allender J., Snider S., Stern L., Sandyk R., Kennedy K., Schram K. 1991. Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington’s disease. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 40 (3): 701–708. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90386‑G. PMID 1839644
Corey-Bloom J. 2010. Short-term effects of cannabis therapy on spasticity in multiple sclerosis. University of San Diego Health Sciences, Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research Report to the Legislature and Governor of the State of California presenting findings pursuant to SB847 which created the CMCR and provided state funding. op. cit.
El-Alfy A.T., Ivey K., Robinson K., Ahmed S., Radwan M., Slade D., Khan I., ElSohly M., Ross S. 2010. Antidepressant-like effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 95 (4): 434–442. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.03.004
Eubanks L.M., Rogers C.J., Beuscher A.E., Koob G.F., Olson A.J., Dickerson T.J., Janda K.D. 2006. A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Mol. Pharm. 3 (6): 773–777. doi: 10.1021/mp060066m
Fox S.H., Kellett M., Moore A.P., Crossman A.R., Brotchie J.M. 2002. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia. Mov. Disord. 17 (1): 145–149. PMID 11835452
Hampson A.J., Grimaldi M., Axelrod J., Wink D. 1998. Cannabidiol and (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (14): 8268–8273. PMID 9653176
Hohmann A.G. Herkenham M. 2000. Localization of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor mRNA in neuronal subpopulations of rat striatum: a double-label in situ hybridization study. Synapse 37 (1): 71–80. PMID 10842353
Howlett A.C., Barth F., Bonner T.I., Cabral G., Casellas P., Devane W.A., Felder C.C., Herkenham M., Mackie K., Martin B.R., Mechoulam R., Pertwee R.G. 2002. International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 54 (2): 161–202.
Johnson J.R., Burnell-Nugent M., Lossignol D., Ganae-Motan E.D., Potts R., Fallon M.T. 2009. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of THC: CBD extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 39 (2): 167–179.
Killestein J., Hoogervorst E.L., Reif M., Blauw B., Smits M., Uitdehaag B.M., Nagelkerken L., Polman C.H. 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of orally administered cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 137 (1-2): 140–143. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00045-6
Iuvone T., Esposito G., De Filippis D., Scuderi C., Steardo L. 2009. Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders? CNS Neurosci. Ther. 15 (1): 65–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00065.x.
Lynch M.E., Campbell F. 2011. Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 72 (5): 735–744. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x.
Melone M.A., Jori F.P., Peluso G. 2005. Huntington’s disease: new frontiers for molecular and cell therapy. Curr. Drug Targets 6 (1): 43–56.
Moldrich G., Wenger T. 2000. Localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the rat brain. An immunohistochemical study. Peptides 21 (11):1735–1742.
Müller-Vahl K.R., Schneider U., Emrich H.M. 1999a. Nabilone increases choreatic movements in Huntington’s disease. Mov. Disord. 14 (6):1038–1040. PMID 10584686
Müller-Vahl K.R., Schneider U., Kolbe H., Emrich H.M. 1999b. Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Am. J. Psychiatry 156: 395.
Müller-Vahl K.R., Prevedel H., Theloe K., Kolbe H., Emrich H.M., Schneider U. 2003. Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychopharmacol. 28 (2): 384–388.
Pacher P., Mechoulam R. 2001. Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective system? Prog. Lipid Res. 50 (2): 193–211. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.01.001. PMID 21295074
Pacher P., Bátkai S., Kunos G. 2006. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (3): 389–462. doi: 10.1124/pr.58.3.2. PMC 2241751. PMID 16968947.
Pazos M.R., Núñez E., Benito C., Tolón R.M., Romero J. 2004. Role of the endocannabinoid system in Alzheimer’s disease: new perspectives. Life Sci. 75 (16): 1907–1915. PMID 15306158
Uribe Roca M.C., Micheli F., Viotti R. 2004. Cannabis sativa and dystonia secondary to Wilson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 20 (1): 113–115. PMID 15390041
Wade D.T., Makela P.M., House H., Bateman C., Robson P. 2006. Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 12 (5): 639–645. PMID 17086911
Ware M.A., Wang T., Shapiro S., Robinson A., Ducruet T., Huynh T., Gamsa A., Bennett G.J., Collet J.P. 2010. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 182 (14): 694–701. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.091414
Wilsey B., Marcotte T., Tsodikov A., Millman J., Bentley H., Gouaux B., Fishman S. 2008. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain. J. Pain 9 (6): 506–521. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2007.12.010
Wirguin I., Mechoulam R., Breuer A., Schezen E., Weidenfeld J., Brenner T. 1994. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by cannabinoids. Immunopharmacol. 28 (3): 209–214. PMID 7852052
Published
2015-05-20
How to Cite
KOTUŁA, Lidia et al.
Application of medical cannabis in patients with central nerve system disorders.
Modern Phytomorphology, [S.l.], v. 8, p. 65-70, may 2015.
ISSN 2227-9555.
Available at: <http://ojs.phytomorphology.org/index.php/MP/article/view/59>. Date accessed: 11 apr. 2018.
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159835.
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Review Articles
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