TY  - JOUR
AU  - Çobanoğlu, Gülşah
AU  - Sesal, Cenk
AU  - Açıkgöz, Birkan
AU  - Karaltı, İskender
PY  - 2016
TI  -  Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the lichens Physcia aipolia, Xanthoria parietina, Usnea florida, Usnea subfloridana and Melanohalea exasperata
JF  - Modern Phytomorphology; Vol 10 (2016)
DO  - 10.5281/zenodo.155349
KW  - 
N2  -  The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol and chloroform extracts of five lichen species,  Melanohalea exasperata, Physcia aipolia, Usnea florida, U. subfloridana  and  Xanthoria parietina . Antimicrobial activity in culture assays of these foliose and fruticose lichen extracts were examined against two Gram-negative bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and  Escherichia coli ), two Gram-positive bacteria ( Enterococcus faecalis  and  Staphylococcus aureus ), and the yeast  Candida albicans  using the paper disc method through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The obtained results indicated the existence of different levels of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the examined lichen species. The chloroform extracts of  Usnea subfloridana  showed the highest activity against  Escherichia coli  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  while the methanol extracts of this species were not active against these microorganisms. The chloroform extracts of the examined species exhibited more significant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. None of the species were active against  Enterococcus faecalis  and  Staphylococcus aureus . Most of the lichen extracts indicated a moderate antifungal activity against  Candida albicans , except for  Physcia aipolia , which was not active. 
UR  - http://ojs.phytomorphology.org/index.php/MP/article/view/10